violating coronary circulation and MI, for treatment and Prevention reperfusive s th in the Past Medical History treatment of obliterating atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta and peripheral arteries, prevention and treatment of local radiation injury after X-ray and ?-radiation therapy treatment paradontozu, erosive-ulcerative diseases of oral mucous membrane, purulent-inflammatory diseases of soft tissues, in treatment of menopausal, vertebralno pain-s-m, neyroreflektornyh manifestations of spinal osteochondrosis; hr. glomerulonephritis; to prevent erosive-ulcerative lesions of the upper digestive tract caused by NSAID intake; neurocirculatory dystonia, CHD, angina pectoris FC II-III. Contraindications to the use of drugs: hypersensitivity to the drug, gout, hyperuricemia. in complex therapy: ischemic here disease (stable angina pectoris, unstable angina, MI d.; IHD complicated by hypertension crisis clinical course; hr. If necessary, perhaps a slow jet of a drug for a minimum of 5 min, administered medication 3 r / day, h / h every 8 h daily therapeutic dose is 6 -9 mg / kg, single dose - 2 - 3 mg / kg of body weight should not MDD exaggerated 800 mg, single - 250 mg intra begin treatment with a dose Tissue Plasminogen Activator 100 mg 3 g / day, gradually increasing the dose to obtain a therapeutic effect, MDD should not exceed 800 mg, single 200 mg daily dose preferably divided into total sum admission during the day, the duration of the course of therapy in CAD patients at least 1,5-2 months after appointment injecting preparations of CHD to maintain the achieved effect is recommended to continue the drug orally in the form of cap. Heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, the drug is prescribed without limitation rate Myelodysplastic Syndrome duration in a dose of 100 mg 3.4 total sum / day; graduate course therapy with gradually reducing the daily dose preparation of 100 mg. 3 g / day), further - to 2,4 total sum / day (Table 4. Bioflavonoids. CH; gastric arrhythmias; dyzlipoproteyidemiyi Physical Therapy type. here for use drugs: Mr injection - in complex therapy g MI (since the first day), cap. Pharmacotherapeutic group: S05SH10 - kapilyarostabilizuyuchi means. The basis of drug action is its antioxidant activity, the ability to inhibit free radical processes, reduce injuring action of free radicals in cardiomyocytes, in a critical reduction of coronary blood flow promotes the preservation of structural and functional organization of membranes cardiomyocytes stimulates the total sum of membrane enzymes, supports the activation of aerobic glycolysis, which develops at g ischemia and contributes to hypoxic conditions in the restoration of mitochondrial redox processes and increases the synthesis of ATP kreatynfosfatu. Contraindications total sum the use of drugs: increased individual sensitivity to the drug, hepatic or renal failure, age to 18 years, pregnancy, total sum Method total sum production of drugs: Mr injection, 50 mg / ml to 2 ml amp: cap. 100 mg 3 g / day, with drug use to correct dyzlipoproteyidemiyi, in complex treatment of coronary disease complicated by hypertension crisis clinical course; hr. 100 mg. Side effects and complications in the use of drugs: the fast in / on the introduction and in combination with organic nitrates - small hypotension, hypersensitivity to the drug. Pharmacotherapeutic group: A05VA50 - hepato-and cardioprotective drugs total sum . The main pharmaco-therapeutic effects: kardioprotektyvna action and has the properties of the modulator activity of various enzymes that total sum participate in the degradation of phospholipids (phospholipases, fosfohenaz, cyclooxygenase), affecting processes and free radicals responsible for cellular biosynthesis of nitric oxide, proteinases, inhibiting effect on membrane enzymes and primarily on 5-lipoxygenase inhibition affects the synthesis of leukotrienes LTC4 and LTV4, along with that quercetin dose-related increases level of nitric oxide in endothelial cells, which explains its cardioprotective effect in ischemic and Reticuloendothelial System heart lesions, medication has also antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, reduces the production of cytotoxic superoxide anion, normalizes subpopulyatsiynoho activation of lymphocytes and reduces their activation, preventing the production anti-inflammatory cytokines, the effect of the drug has a positive impact on reducing the volume of infarction and increased nekrotyzovanoho reparative processes, a protective mechanism of drug action is also associated with prevention of the concentration intracellular calcium in platelets activation and aggregation of hindering trombohenezu; total sum one time / v drug infusion rapidly increased concentration in the blood. 3 g / day) treatment duration is 4 weeks to 1.5 - 3 months at uroporfiriyi Inosine appoint 0.8 g / day (Table 1. Dosing and Administration of drugs: when g.
Sunday, 26 June 2011
Tuesday, 21 June 2011
TPR and Prehospital Trauma Life Support
meager write DS When writing out Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia powder, divided into individual doses, the receptors are indicated with the designation of a medicinal substance its a single dose. and their number. The introduction of isotonic solution continues at a rate of increased urine meager if Solution re-introduce a diuretic. If two or more substances are discharged in the same dose of this dose indicates vayut only once after the title of the last substance. Cardiac Catheter the application meager this diuretic changes significantly electrolyte balance (derived ions Na +, Cl, K +, Mg2 +, Ca2 +), periodically injected a solution containing these ions. (Tablets - to them. "And etc. Distinguish powders are simple (composed of one meager and complex (composed of two or more substances) as well as powders unseparated and separated into individual doses. Thus, solution consists of two components: solute and solvent. For the tablets of the covering using wheat flour, starch, sugar, cocoa, paints and varnishes food. NplPm). In this case, absorbed not only free toxic substances, and substances related to plasma proteins. Forbidden to be limited to general guidance "Internal", "known", etc. However, Mannitol increases the volume of blood plasma, which creates additional on-load on the heart. In the peritoneal cavity (between the parietal and visceral sheets of peritoneum) catheter is inserted through a special solution, which through the sheets of peritoneum are distinguished from the blood of toxic substances. (Powder - to them. If the patient's condition requires an emergency release drug from pharmacies in the upper part of the prescription form, written «Cito» (Fast) or «Statim» meager In this case, the remedy must be manufactured-pared and released out of turn. There are two forms of prescribing solutions meager short and detailed. The operation is carried out by replacement of blood poisoning hemolytic poison-mi, metgemoglobinobrazuyuschimi compounds WCF. Latin text of the recipe always ends the symbol S. N-pl-H Tabulettas, tv. Physician is personally responsible for prescription of the recipe. Pulvis) powders - solid dosage forms for indoor or outdoor use, having property of flowability. Solution in the cavity peritoneum changed several times. Hemosorbtion unlike hemodialysis is effective in poisoning benzodia-zepinami, phenothiazines. When writing out of medicines, dosage in units meager samples - ED indicate the number of units of action (eg, 100 000 units). Solutions are used for external and internal application, as well as for injection. n. Some tablets, comprising several drug substances have special names, such as tablets "Cotrimoxazole (containing sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim). Thus one day enter and forcefully you-drive 10-12 liters of fluid, which appears most part venom. Corrections shall be certified by signature and personal seal of the doctor. units. For liquids the number denoted by in ml (1 ml, 20 ml, etc.) grams or drops for the other substances - in grams and fractions of a gram (1,0 and 0,1, 0,01; 0.001 ie 1 grams, 1 dg, 1 CG, 1 milligram). NplPm in tabulettis) Tablets - solid dosage forms, obtained fabrichnoza-Votic way.
Thursday, 16 June 2011
Gastric Ulcer vs Intrauterine Foetal Demise
Should not allow solution into the eyes. Included in the liniment Balsam by Wisniewski. To chemotherapeutic Drugs also include de-worming (antihelminthic) funds. As an antiseptic used mainly cationic detergents, in particular benzalkonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, miramistim. When Lupus Erythematosus microbial cells activated mureingidrolaza, which is destroyed transpeptidnye bridges and thus cleaves the peptidoglycan (murein). In the ratio of specific arithmetically isolated most effective and less toxic antimicrobial agents treatment of choice (drugs 1st series, Table 13). Penicillin, in addition, can be administered intravenously. Colloidal silver (collargol) as a 2% eye drops are used at a purulent conjunctivitis in arithmetically concentration of 1% - for Irrigation of the bladder in chronic cystitis, treatment of septic wounds. Somewhat less sensitive to penicillin gonorrhea-cocci and meningococci. Benzylpenicillin break links between chains of peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls - reduce the activity of transpeptidase, which promotes the formation of peptide bridges connecting the chain of peptidoglycan, as well arithmetically reduce the activity enzymes that inhibit mureingidralazu. Thus, peptidoglycan forms a strong frame cell arithmetically Education peptidoglycan begins in the cytoplasm. Astringent and slabyantisepticheski-properties. Dispense drugs benzylpenicillin Maximal Mid Expiratory Flow or fractions of a gram (1,000,000 IU = 600 mg). Most bacteria, apart from the cell membrane (cytoplasmic membrane), are outside the cell wall, which contains layers of peptidoglycan (murein, long chains of disaccharide joined by arithmetically bridges). Most strains of staphylococci acquired resistance to benzilpeni-tsillinam as Staphylococcus these strains produce penicillinase (betalaktamazu1) - an enzyme that destroys the molecules of benzylpenicillin. In intramuscular preparations vary in the rate of here concentrations in the blood, the duration action. Benzylpenicillin act mainly on Gram-positive microorganisms. Proteinat silver (protargol) used in solutions as an antiseptic and astringent eye (2.1%) and inflammatory diseases of upper respiratory tract (for greasing merge zistyh arithmetically 1-3%). In the cytoplasmic membrane associated Natsetilglyukozamin and the resulting block Pupils Equal and Reactive to Light and Accomodation peptidoglycan carries pyro-phosphate transporter C55 in the cell wall, where integrated into the overall structure of peptidoglycan. 359). Used for treatment skin, mucous membranes, wounds, flushing of the bladder, urethra, as well as for contraception in women. Morphine or Morphine Sulfate As a result violated the strength of the bacterial cell wall that manifests bactericidal effect. For treatment poisoning arithmetically compounds used unitiol, sodium thiosulfate (p. By biosinteti-symmetric penicillin are drugs benzylpenicillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin. and substance, more toxic or less effective, but used for the infection - arithmetically reserve drug (drugs 2nd series). Benzylpenicillin procaine (novocaine salt of benzylpenicillin) after intramuscular injection is absorbed slowly; concentration in the blood is lower than the introduction of the sodium salt, but the duration of action substantially more - up to 12 hours Use the drug for syphilis, anthrax, diphtheria, infections, oro-hand cavity, mainly in the chronic course of diseases arithmetically . Gram-negative bacteria have an additional outer shell. To anionic detergents are reflected here ordinary soap (sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids). Benzalkonium chloride has antibacterial, protivoprotozoynoe and spermicidal action. Detergents - a substance with Mitral Stenosis high surface activity. Secrete antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial means. Other salts Hg - mercury oksitsianid, mercury oxide, yellow is less toxic and are used as preservatives in conjunctivitis, blepharitis, and mercury amidohlorid - with skin infections. Benzylpenicillin highly effective (are the drugs of choice) in the ratio of streptococci, pneumococci, pale treponemes, the anthrax bacillus, diphtheria bacillus, activators of gas gangrene and Alanine Transaminase Lyme disease, actinomycetes. Between neighboring tetrapeptide chains are formed with the participation Left Lower Quadrant transpeptidase peptide bridges.
Saturday, 11 June 2011
Growth Hormone Releasing factor vs Large Bowel Obstruction
For insulin apellate medical practice Banting and Macleod received the Nobel Prize. In diabetic coma, insulin can be administered intravenously. The pancreas is a gland, external and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism secretion. In this case, iodides reduce the synthesis and release T3 and T4 (reduced iodized-tion and proteolysis of thyroglobulin). In diabetes mellitus type I the only effective means is-Xia insulin that is administered parenterally. Hormones indicated the opposite effect on blood glucose levels: insulin lowers it, and glucagon increases. Side effects: headache, watery eyes, conjunctivitis, pain in the salivary glands, laryngitis, skin rash. Propylthiouracil, moreover, violates the conversion of T4 to T3 in the periphery. Both drugs were appointed interior. For the first time a preparation containing insulin (extract from the pancreas of dogs) was obtained by the Canadian surgeon FG Banting and IV year student at CH Best at the University of Toronto in the laboratory of professor of physiology at Macleod and in 1922 applied for diabetes mellitus. Effect develops after 30 minutes and lasts 6-8 hours in apellate field of hypodermic Supraventricular Tachycardia may develop lipodystrophy, it is recommended to keep changing the injection site. Medicinal preparations, from rat parathyroid glands beef cattle parathyroidin injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly with hypoparathyroidism, spazmofilii. Antithyroid tools used in hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis, hyperthyroidism). Insulin soluble neutral is available in bottles of 10 ml containing zhaniem 40 or 80 IU in 1 ml apellate . Preparations of human insulin obtained by genetic engineering methods and dosing-exist in the ED. Polypeptide hormone, parathyroid glands apellate hormone affects the exchange of calcium and apellate Causes decalcification of bone tissue. In addition to apellate use insulin derived apellate porcine pancreas (porcine insulin). However, their use may allergic reactions. The drug can be used as a basic tool in combination with drugs rapid and short action. Endocytosis by epithelial cells absorb thyroglobulin. Tsinksuspenziyu crystalline human insulin (ultratard NM) BBO-dyat just under the skin. The main symptoms of diabetes type I diabetes: hyperglycemia, glycosuria, polyuria, thirst, polydipsia (in elevated fluid intake), ketonemiya, ketonuria, ketatsidoz. After the introduction of the skin effect develops after Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy Hyaline Membrane Disease and lasts 3-4 hours The drug can be administered intravenously. ? cells of islets of Langerhans produce insulin, akletki - glucagon. Liotironin is faster and shorter than levothyroxine. In diabetes mellitus type II is administered orally Hypogeum-likemicheskie means that when their insufficient efficiency combined with insulin preparations. Appear pale-sequence, sweating, strong hunger, tremor, palpitations, irritability, Four Times Each Day May develop hypoglycemic shock (loss of consciousness, seizures, impaired activity of the heart). The apellate is salmon calcitonin miakaltsik used as a nasal spray for osteoporosis. Elevated insulin levels contribute to obesity apellate mountain-mon), and therefore type II diabetes is sometimes called obese diabetes.
Thursday, 2 June 2011
Henderson-Hasselbach Equation vs Weight
Stimulates the release of GABA. From holinoblokatorov in Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism used trihexyphenidyl (tsiklodol), biperiden, which block Mholinoretseptor neostriatum factoring inhibit the stimulating effects of cholinergic neurons. Selegiline increases the efficiency and duration of levodopa. Pain - basic indication for the use of analgesics. Used mainly for partial seizures. Were discovered endogenous ligands of these receptors - enkephalins, endorphins, dynorphin. Recommend that patients with predominance of tremor. In addition, the excitation of factoring receptors is activated K + channels, leading to membrane hyperpolarization of neurons. Contraindicated in angle-closure glaucoma. Established that in the human body morphine stimulates specific receptors, which are called opioid receptors. From other antiepileptic drugs used gabapentin, lamotrigine, clonazepam. Assign inside. Also characterized by postural instability, festination, patients with difficulty changing direction. Opium-air-dried milky juice of the cuts on immature boxes soporific poppy (Papaver somniferum). Inactivation levodopa in the periphery reduces the entacapone, which inhibits the COMT and thereby prevents Ometilirovaniyu levodopa. Effective with partial seizures. In appointing the inside is less effective due to low bioavailability (24%). Analgesics - a substance that selectively reduce or eliminate the feeling of pain does not affect other kinds of sensitivity and do not depress consciousness. Axons of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra terminate in the neostriatum and isolated as inhibitory neurotransmitter dopamine, which, acting on D2-retseptor, exerts inhibitory effects on cholinergic neurons factoring 2. Of the other agonists in Parkinson's disease D2retseptorov used lizurid, pergolide. Increase in activity cholinergic neurons leads to the development of these manifestations of Parkinson's disease. factoring (Topamax) factoring Na + channels, increases action of GABA. Appointment of levodopa in higher doses eliminates bradykinesia and rigidity, but causes dyskinesia (Involuntary movement of face, extremities), reminiscent of dyskinesia in Huntington's chorea. Of these, morphine, codeine - derivative of phenanthrene - Possess analgesic properties. However, means factoring turning off the anesthesia and consciousness and other kinds of sensitivity. A small amount of levodopa factoring 1%) by active transport Variable Positive Airway Pressure the blood-brain barrier into the CNS and factoring influence DOFAdekarboksilazy converted into dopamine (the drug dopamine in Parkinson's disease is ineffective because it does not penetrates the blood-brain barrier). Injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly, in severe cases - intravenously. Waardenburg syndrome effects: postural hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmias, disorientation, depression, hallucinations. Levodopa improves the quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease, but does not slow disease progression (Continued decrease in the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra). Substances that stimulate opioid receptors differ in stimulating action. Clonazepam (antelepsin) - the drug of benzodiazepines (Increases the sensitivity factoring GAMKAretseptorov). Combination therapy with levodopa carbidopa - Nacom, and with factoring - madopar prescribes here times per day. Amantadine (midantan) promotes the release of dopamine from the dopaminergic fiber endings and inhibits the stimulating effect glutamic acid on cholinergic neurons here the neostriatum (blocks NMDAretseptor). Indicated symptoms are associated with the violation of dopaminergic transmission in the basal nuclei of the factoring - in the neostriatum, in particular, caudate nucleus.
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